According to Tertullian Clement Rome was consecrated by St. Peter. Irenaeus refers to Clement as a contemporary of the apostles. According to Eusebius, Clement was the Primate of the Roman the church from 92 to 101 years. Died in the mines in the Chersonese (Sevastopol).
I primi documenti in volgare
B17 - L'iscrizione di san Clemente
Sisinnium
Fili1 de le pute2, traite3!
Gosmari4, Albertel5, traite!
Falite dereto6 colo7 palo, Carvoncelle8!
Sanctus Clemens
Duritia (m) 9 cordis vestri (s) 1é
saxa traere meruistis.
Sisinnio:
Figli di puttana, pull!
Gosmario, Alberto, pull!
Fa 'with the lever behind the pole, Carboncella!
San Clemente
For your hardness of heart
meritaste tow stones.
1 Threads: Sons. It should be read as the Italian "children" as the pronunciation of the Latin vernacular of them already in the third century. was the AD, although the spelling of Latin did not provide any means to indicate that group.
2 de le pute: Lett. the whores, the form "de le" is a preposition articulated.
traite 3: throw (it is the imperative of the Latin verb trahere).
4 Gosmari: vocative which preserves the Latin ending in-i.
5
Albertel: source name barbaric.
6 Falite backside, from Latin fac illi thee back (read: you do it from behind), with the fall of the first syllable of 'unlimited' (and the subsequent fall in front of the c) falls for the second r ' the back. "
Article 7: by, prepositions, from the Latin cum illum, with the final collapse of m in both words and the first syllable of "illum" and transformation of the final vowel u o.
8 Carvoncelle: proper name of Latin origin, but used the dialect of Rome.
Duritia 9 (m): This is an accusative but has the value of causal ablative.
10 Vestri (s): handwriting with the consonant s is the standard error as Latin America.
B17 - Text analysis
This registration, the end of the eleventh century, is still visible in the underground chapel of the basilica of St. Clement in Rome. It is contained in a fresco, with almost comic technique, playing an episode in the life of the saint (I sec.). The painting portrays the servants of the pagan Sisinnio seeking to stop San Clemente to bring him to martyrdom. They are convinced that he tied the holy, and their boss asks them to drag. But in reality they are dragging a heavy column: with a miracle, in fact, San Clemente has been freed of the chains making fun of his persecutors. The Latin words of the Holiness is a moral to the episode commentary. They transcend the humor of the situation, to establish a metaphorical parallel between the pagan and the hardness of our hearts, the real stones of which the servants of Sisinnio are forced to drag.
level lexical, syntactic, stylistic
The registration has two linguistic registers well defined and contrasted. The pagan Sisinnio to the servants in a vulgar language, tone plebeian (li apostrophizes fact 'wire the de pute'), and uses the vernacular. San Clemente, which emphasizes the moral significance of the miracle, but is expressed in Latin, although the spelling of the language is erroneous with respect to the classical norm.
traits that characterize vernacular as the language of Sisinnio are
- the fall of the consonants typical of the endings of the Latin cases, the term "Article pole 'is derived, for example," cum illum palum "(Latin, late, in fact, had replaced the' ablative with the accusative, and this also explains the form 'Sisinnium "instead of the regular" Sisinnius');
- the final transformation of the u or in Latin (for which there is "neck pole');
- the presence in place of endings, prepositions that indicate the grammatical function of nouns (eg 'de pute the' Latin had the genitive plural);
- the transition from RB to RV in his own name "Carvoncelle" typical of the Roman dialect.
remain in Latin elements instead of the vocative endings in names "Gosmari 'and' Carvoncelle.
San Clemente's speech has, as mentioned above, some errors compared to the classical norm. The causal ablative 'duritia "becomes" duritiam (again because of the indiscriminate spread of the accusative in lieu of all other cases). The genitive 'Vestri' becomes 'Vestris' (perhaps by analogy with the noun "cordis", which follows rather regularly the third declension).
thematically
The choice to speak in the vernacular pay - choice of course an anachronism: the fresco of the XI century represents a scene a thousand years before, when the varieties were very different language - has one purpose: it serves to highlight the harshness of Sisinnio soul, as opposed to the holiness of Clement. Sisinnio, man with a heart of stone, in the painting is portrayed with his hand raised in token of command, energetic attitude and rude. In addition, he acts like a fool: spurs his servants to drag a heavy load, without realizing that this is a column and not the saint. A modern writer, probably, would have featured a character like putting words in my mouth dialect. But the vulgar, at the time of this inscription, was perceived as just a dialect that is as a linguistic diversity minor, no self dignity and therefore adapted to people of social standing (and moral) below. The inscription testifies to the low social prestige therefore covered by the vernacular: it could afford to give voice to characters as "low" and "comic", but had not yet reached a self-dignity and literary expression.
И по простому, не профессионально:
Нарисовано в конце 11 века, как слуги Gentile Sissinio arrested Clement. While walking his master, Clement freed from the chains securing them to the column.
metaphor is that they need to roll stones (to remove the chain from the column) and that the hardness of hearts, they contributed to the fact that Clement ended his life in the mines of Chersonese, turning the stones over their (Servants), hearts of stone.
about this, terrible curses, which is not currently in use in the Italian language.
whole floors promise for that, thanks they and their cruel hearts, and for them, Clement ended his life in the quarry.
Sends writing several times, telling who they are and how they are.
Classical Latin language is formed in the III - IV century. It turns out that this is one of the earliest inscriptions in Latin, in its formative stages.
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